How Yarn Splitter Machine Supports The Production of Technical Textiles

Technical textiles have become one of the fast-growing segments in the global textile industry in recent years. Different from ordinary clothing fabrics, technical textiles are used in filtration, geotextile, medical supplies, industrial base cloth and other scenarios, and put forward stricter requirements on yarn fineness uniformity, strand separation consistency and tensile stability. As a special pre-processing equipment, the yarn splitter machine plays an irreplaceable role in the production chain of many technical textile products. Choosing a suitable yarn splitter machine and setting reasonable splitting parameters is the key premise to ensure that the final technical textile products meet the standard requirements.

The raw materials used for technical textiles cover polyester filament, polypropylene yarn, aramid yarn, glass fiber yarn and other special fibers. These fibers have different physical characteristics. Some high-strength industrial yarns have high tensile modulus and are not easy to be stretched, while glass fiber yarn is brittle and easy to generate broken filaments under excessive friction. The yarn splitter machine used for technical textile production needs to have strong parameter adjustment ability, instead of the fixed simple model used for conventional cotton yarn and polyester yarn splitting. A high-adaptability yarn splitter machine can adjust the feeding speed, tension value, splitting spacing and blade pressure according to the fiber type, so as to avoid damage to the fiber structure in the splitting process. If the tension is set too high, the internal molecular structure of high-performance fiber will be damaged, resulting in the decline of tensile strength of the finished yarn, which will directly lead to the failure of the final industrial fabric to pass the load test.

Take geotextile production as an example. The staple fiber geotextile and filament geotextile used in road engineering, landfill and water conservancy projects need to use split yarn with uniform strand distribution. The yarn splitter machine splits the large package mother yarn into multiple strands of yarn with specified fineness. After subsequent twisting and weaving, it forms geotextile with stable pore structure. The pore size of geotextile determines its filtration and drainage performance. If the splitting effect of the yarn splitter machine is unstable, the fineness of each yarn strand fluctuates greatly, the pore distribution of the woven geotextile will be disordered, and the product cannot meet the engineering acceptance standard. Therefore, geotextile manufacturers usually require the yarn splitter machine to have real-time tension monitoring function. When the tension deviation exceeds the set threshold, the equipment will give an alarm or automatically stop, reducing the generation of defective yarn.

In the field of filter material textiles, the requirements for yarn hairiness and section neatness are more stringent. The filter cloth used for dust removal and liquid filtration relies on the dense yarn structure to intercept particles. Too much hairiness on the yarn surface will block the filter channel in advance and shorten the service cycle of the filter bag. The yarn splitter machine matched with filter material production usually adopts optimized yarn guide structure and low-friction splitting assembly. The surface of the yarn guide roller is treated with ceramic coating, which can reduce the friction coefficient between the yarn and the guide part, control the generation of hairiness and broken filaments in the splitting process. Some customized yarn splitter machine models can also be equipped with online inspection modules, which can shoot the yarn surface through high-speed camera, identify the defects such as missing splitting and serious hairiness, and mark the defect section, which is convenient for post-process sorting.

Medical textile products such as surgical suture base yarn and medical non-woven reinforcing yarn have high requirements on the cleanliness and impurity content of yarn. The production environment of this kind of yarn needs to be controlled in a clean workshop, and the yarn splitter machine should also meet the clean production design. The equipment structure should reduce the dead angle where fiber dust accumulates, and the contact parts between the equipment and yarn can be made of food-grade stainless steel. It is necessary to avoid the shedding of coating materials and the falling of rust to form impurities mixed into the yarn. In addition, the operation speed of the yarn splitter machine in medical yarn production is usually not set too fast. Appropriate low-speed operation can improve the controllability of splitting and reduce the probability of yarn damage, although it will reduce the single-machine output to a certain extent.

Many manufacturers of technical textiles will face the problem of multi-specification small-batch production. An order may require several different splitting specifications of yarn. At this time, the quick adjustment performance of the yarn splitter machine is very important. The equipment with modular splitting assembly can quickly replace the spacing accessories and adjust the number of splitting strands, shorten the time of model change, and reduce the waste of raw yarn generated in the debugging process. Compared with the traditional equipment that needs to disassemble a large number of parts to change specifications, the modular yarn splitter machine is more suitable for the flexible production mode of technical textile enterprises.

It should be emphasized that the yarn splitter machine is only a pre-processing equipment, and the final yarn quality is the result of the joint action of raw yarn quality, equipment parameter setting, workshop temperature and humidity and operator operation. Even high-performance yarn splitter machine cannot make up for the defects of raw mother yarn. Before formal splitting production, enterprises should carry out small sample test, record the yarn tensile test data, hairiness index and splitting uniformity data under different parameters, and form a parameter database for different raw materials, which can provide reference for formal mass production.

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